汽车起动器（启动马达）的验货主要涉及到外观检查、电气性能测试和功能测试等几个方面。具体的验货步骤如下：
1. 外观检查
**外壳和零部件外观：**检查起动器的外壳和各个零部件是否有机械损伤、裂纹、变形、腐蚀或其他明显缺陷。
**接线端子：**确认接线端子是否完整，接头是否牢固，螺栓是否拧紧。
**铭牌和标志：**核对起动器的铭牌信息是否清晰，规格、型号、生产日期等是否与订单要求一致。
2. 尺寸检查
使用卡尺等工具测量关键尺寸，确保起动器的安装尺寸和关键配合尺寸符合设计图纸或技术要求。
3. 电气性能测试
**绝缘电阻测试：**用兆欧表测量起动器的绝缘电阻，确保绝缘性能达到标准要求（一般在1MΩ以上）。
**通电检查：**通过低电压电源进行通电检查，确认起动器是否能正常运转，检测电流值是否符合规格要求。
4. 功能测试
**空载测试：**给起动器通电，观察其在无负载条件下是否能够正常运转，运转声音是否平稳，无异常噪音或震动。
**负载测试：**在规定的负载条件下测试起动器的启动性能，确认其输出转矩和转速是否符合设计要求。
**启动时间测试：**测量起动器从启动到达到额定转速所需的时间，确保启动时间在规定范围内。
5. 耐久性测试
根据要求，进行一定次数的启动停止循环测试，评估起动器的耐久性和可靠性。
6. 包装检查
验证包装是否符合要求，包括防震材料、标签、说明书等配件是否齐全，外包装是否完好无损。
通过以上步骤，可以确保汽车起动器的质量符合技术标准和客户要求。如果有更严格的标准或需求，也可以增加高温、高湿、振动等环境模拟测试。
Inspecting a car starter involves several key steps, including visual inspection, dimensional checks, electrical performance tests, and functional tests. Below is a detailed procedure:
1. Visual Inspection
Exterior and components: Examine the starter's housing and parts for any signs of damage, cracks, deformation, corrosion, or other obvious defects.
Terminals and connectors: Ensure that all electrical terminals are intact, connections are secure, and bolts are properly tightened.
Nameplate and labels: Verify that the starter's nameplate information (model, specifications, and production date) is clear and matches the purchase order or technical requirements.
2. Dimensional Check
Use calipers or other measurement tools to check critical dimensions, such as mounting points, shaft diameter, and other tolerances. Ensure they conform to the design drawings or technical requirements.
3. Electrical Performance Test
Insulation resistance test: Measure the starter's insulation resistance using a megohmmeter to ensure insulation is up to standard (typically above 1MΩ).
Continuity test: Check the electrical continuity of key circuits to ensure proper connectivity.
No-load test: Apply power at a lower voltage to see if the starter runs freely without any load, ensuring the current draw is within specified limits.
4. Functional Tests
No-load test: Power the starter to see if it operates smoothly without any mechanical load. Check for abnormal noise, vibration, or overheating.
Load test: Test the starter under specified load conditions to verify its torque and speed outputs meet the design or operational requirements.
Engagement test: Confirm that the starter engages and disengages properly with the engine's flywheel when powered on and off.
Start-up time test: Measure the time it takes for the starter to reach its rated speed after it is powered on, ensuring it falls within the expected range.
5. Durability and Cycle Testing
Perform multiple start-stop cycles to assess the starter's durability and reliability over time. Depending on the specification, you may run hundreds or thousands of cycles to simulate real-world use.
6. Environmental and Vibration Tests (if required)
High temperature, humidity, and vibration tests: Depending on the use case or customer requirements, simulate harsh environments to ensure the starter can perform under adverse conditions.
7. Packaging Inspection
Ensure that the starter is packed securely with adequate protective materials. Verify the completeness of documentation, including labels, instructions, and any accessories, and that packaging is free from damage.
By following these steps, you can thoroughly inspect and ensure the quality and performance of a car starter. For specific projects, additional tests may be required, such as endurance testing or environmental simulations.
